Exolit® AP 435

Exolit® AP 435 is a fine particle ammonium polyphosphate (phase II) optimized for low viscosity in aqueous suspension and intumescent coatings. The product is largely insoluble in water and completely insoluble in organic solvents. It is colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable.

Principal: Clariant Additives

Functions: Flame Retardant

Chemical Name: Ammonium Polyphosphate

Chemical Family: Ammonium Salts, Polyphosphates

End Uses: Epoxy Coating, Intumescent Coating, Paper, Polyurethane Foams, Textile Coating, Wood Coating

Compatible Polymers & Resins: Cellulose & Cellulosics, Epoxies (EP), Other Thermoplastics, Other Thermosets, Polyesters, Polypropylenes (PP)

Flame Rating: UL 94 V0

Enhanced TDS

Identification & Functionality

Features & Benefits

CASE Ingredients Features
Industrial Additives Features
Labeling Claims
Materials Features
Product Benefits
  • Optimized for low viscosity in aqueous suspension, low water solubility and low acid number
  • Non-halogenated flame retardant with favorable environmental and health profile
  • Particularly suitable as an ”acid donor” for intumescent coatings thanks to its low water solubility. Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others. Their application on wood or plastics enables these materials to qualify for
  • Building Material Class B (DIN EN 13501-1)
  • Imparts a good flame-retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when it is incorporated into the base formulation at the rate of 10 - 20%
  • Suitable non-halogenated flame retardant for polyurethane foams. PUR Foams with Exolit® AP 435 can be recycled
  • Excellent flame-retardant effect in cellulose-containing materials such as paper and wood products. With chipboard products, the DIN EN 13501-1 classification can be achieved by adding 15 - 20 % Exolit® AP 435
  • An essential component in intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, particularly polypropylene, for which the classification UL 94-V0 is specified for applications in the electrical sector
  • In the case of thermosets like epoxy resins and unsaturated polyester resins, it paves the way for the production of lightweight components with low solids content
  • (Bio-)degradable by breaking down to naturally occurring phosphate and ammonia

Applications & Uses

Application Area
Coating End Applications
Compatible Polymers & Resins
Compatible Substrates & Surfaces
Industrial Additives End Use
Markets
Applications
Product Applications
  • Intumescent Coatings
    • On account of its low water solubility, Exolit® AP 435 is particularly suitable as an ”acid donor” for intumescent coatings. Other essential components of intumescent systems include a binder, a carbon donor (e.g. pentaerythritol) and a blowing agent (e.g. melamine).
    • On exposure to flame, intumescent coatings form a carbonaceous foam which effectively shields the underlying material from temperature increases.
    • Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others.
    • The application of Exolit® AP 435 based intumescent coatings on wood or plastics enables these materials to qualify for Building Material Class B (DIN EN 13501-1).
    • Exolit® AP 435 imparts a good flame-retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when it is incorporated into the base formulation at the rate of 10 - 20 %.
  • Polyurethane Foams
    • Exolit® AP 435 is a suitable non-halogenated flame retardant for polyurethane foams. If handling of Exolit® AP 435 as a solid is not possible we recommend the dosage of the flame retardant by preparing an Exolit® AP 435 /polyol-suspension. Because of the low acid number of Exolit® AP 435, it is also possible to incorporate this flame retardant in an Exolit® AP 435/isocyanate suspension.
    • To prevent the solids from settling, the Exolit® AP 435 suspensions should be stirred or circulated by pump. The stirrers commonly found in service tanks are adequate for this purpose.
  • Other Applications
    • Exolit® AP 435 has an excellent flame-retardant effect in cellulose-containing materials such as paper and wood products. With chipboard products, the DIN EN 13501-1 classification can be achieved by adding 15 - 20 % Exolit® AP 435.
    • Because of its high heat stability, Exolit® AP 435 is an essential component in intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, particularly polypropylene, for which the classification UL 94-V0 is specified for applications in the electrical sector.
    • Casting resins and composites based on epoxy resins or unsaturated polyester resins achieve the classification UL 94-V0 with Exolit AP 435. Combinations of AP 435 with ATH show synergistic effects in UL94 and LOI tests.

Properties

Flame Rating
Physical Form

Packaging & Availability

Packaging Type

Principal Information

Group Principal Number
S000004
Principal

Storage & Handling

Storage and Shelf Life Conditions
  • Minimum shelf life is 12 months from the date of shipping when stored according to the said conditions.

Other

Appearance (SDS)
Powder
Color (SDS)
White
Dust Explosion Class (SDS)
Not capable of dust explosion
Explosive Nature (SDS)
Not explosive
Flammable Nature (SDS)
Not expected to form explosive dust air mixtures
Item Number
Other Hazards
No additional hazards are known except those derived from the labelling
Oxidizing Properties (SDS)
Not oxidizing
Temperature Control
No
USA/DOT UN Number
Not Applicable
Chemical Properties
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
Acid Numbermax. 2.0 mg KOH/gmg KOH/g
Nitrogen Content14.0-15.0 %(W/W)%(W/W)Elemental Analysis
pH5.0-8.0-
Material Composition
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
Phosphorus Content31.0-32.0 %(W/W)%(W/W)Photometer after oxidizing dissolution
Physical Properties
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
Bulk Density0.7 g/cm³g/cm³
Density1.9 g/cm³g/cm³at 25°C
Moisture Contentmax. 0.25 %(W/W)%(W/W)Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis at 130°C
Particle Size17.0 µmµmD50
Solubility in Watermax. 0.5 %(W/W)%(W/W)
Viscositymax. 40.0 mPa.smPa.sat 25°C, 10% aqueous solution
Weight Loss5.0 %(W/W)%(W/W)at 350°C
Weight Loss10.0 %(W/W)%(W/W)at 450°C
Weight Loss20.0 %(W/W)%(W/W)at 550°C
SDS Physical and Chemical Properties
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
Burning Number (SDS)1.0-Does not catch fire
Decomposition Temperature (SDS)min. 527.0 °F°FDifferential Thermal Analysis heating rate 5 K/min, start of decomposition
Density (SDS)2.0 g/cm³g/cm³at 25°C
Melting Point (SDS)min. 527.0 °F°F
Self Ignition Temperature (SDS)338.0 °F°FVDI 2263 No self-ignition below melting temperature
Solubility In Water (SDS)max. 10.0 g/Lg/L
Vapor Pressure (SDS)max. 0.1 hPahPa
pH (SDS)4.0-7.0-10% aqueous solution
Shelf Life & Stability
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
Shelf Life12.0 momo
Thermal Properties
ValueUnitsTest Method / Conditions
Decomposition Temperaturemin. 275.0 °C°C